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First Aid & Emergency
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (Suspected)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Immobilize & Seek Care
Preparation & Use
Do NOT massage or rub the painful leg, as this can dislodge (break loose) the clot. Keep the leg still and slightly elevated. Seek immediate medical evaluation.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: A dislodged clot can travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), which is life-threatening.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: If one leg is swollen, painful, warm, and red.
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Dehydration (Mild to Moderate)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Oral Rehydration
Preparation & Use
Sip ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution, a mix of water, salt, and sugar to replace lost fluids) slowly and frequently. Avoid caffeinated, alcoholic, or highly sugary drinks, as they worsen dehydration.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the person cannot keep fluids down, has dark urine, or becomes confused.
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Diabetic Emergency (Hyperglycemia)First Aid & Emergency · FA/E
First Aid Approach
Hydration & Monitoring
Preparation & Use
Encourage the person to drink plenty of plain water to help flush excess sugar through urine. Check blood sugar levels. Do not give them insulin unless they are trained and it is prescribed.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Very high sugar can lead to a coma.
When to Seek Medical Help
If blood sugar remains consistently high, or if the person experiences vomiting, confusion, or fruity-smelling breath.
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Diabetic Emergency (Hypoglycemia)First Aid & Emergency · FA/E
First Aid Approach
Fast-Acting Carbohydrates
Preparation & Use
If conscious, give 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate (like half a glass of fruit juice, regular soda, or 3-4 glucose tablets). Wait 15 minutes and recheck blood sugar. Repeat if still low.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Do not give food or drink if the person is unconscious.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the person becomes unconscious, or if blood sugar does not rise after two treatments.
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Early Signs)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Hydration & Emergency Transport
Preparation & Use
Check blood sugar and ketones if possible. Encourage the person to drink water. Do not let them exercise. Prepare to go to the hospital immediately.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: DKA can lead to a diabetic coma if not treated promptly.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: If blood sugar is very high and ketones are present, or if the person is vomiting or confused.
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Dislocation (Finger)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Remove Rings & Buddy Tape
Preparation & Use
Remove any rings from the injured finger immediately before swelling starts. Buddy tape (tape the injured finger to the healthy finger next to it) for support. Apply an ice pack.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Do not try to pull the finger straight yourself.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the finger looks deformed, is numb, or cannot be moved.
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Dislocation (Hip)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Do Not Move & Call Ambulance
Preparation & Use
Do not attempt to move the person or straighten the leg. Keep them as still and comfortable as possible. Cover them with a blanket to prevent shock.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Hip dislocations are often accompanied by severe trauma and nerve damage.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call an ambulance for professional transport and reduction (putting the bone back into the joint).
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Drowning (Cold Water)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Gentle Handling & Gradual Warming
Preparation & Use
Handle the victim very gently, as cold hearts are prone to dangerous rhythms (arrhythmias). Remove wet clothing. Wrap in dry blankets. If not breathing, begin CPR immediately.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Cold water drowning victims can sometimes be revived even after prolonged submersion.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Always transport to a hospital for observation, even if the person seems to recover.
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Drowning (Near Drowning Rescue)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Rescue & CPR
Preparation & Use
Get the person out of the water safely. Check for breathing. If not breathing, start CPR immediately (30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths). Keep them warm.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Even if they wake up, water in the lungs can cause delayed complications (secondary medical problems).
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Always go to the hospital after a near-drowning incident.
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Drowning (Unconscious Victim)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Rescue & Immediate CPR
Preparation & Use
Pull the victim from the water safely. Check for breathing. If not breathing, begin rescue breaths immediately (even in the water if trained), then move to land and start full CPR.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Drowning victims need oxygen immediately.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call an ambulance. All near-drowning victims need hospital observation.
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