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Marine Animal Sting (Sea Urchin)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Hot Water Soak & Tweezers
Preparation & Use
Soak the affected area in hot (but not scalding) water for 30-90 minutes to break down the venom. Carefully remove visible spines with tweezers. Do not crush the spines.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Some spines may be brittle and break under the skin.
When to Seek Medical Help
If spines are deeply embedded, near a joint, or if signs of infection develop.
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Minor Burn (First Degree)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Cool Water & Moisturize
Preparation & Use
Hold the burned area under cool running water for 10 minutes. Apply a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer or aloe vera gel. Do not apply ice or butter.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE home care.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the burn covers a large area, is on the face/hands, or if blisters develop.
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Minor Cut (Finger)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Clean Disinfect & Cover
Preparation & Use
Wash the area gently with clean water and mild soap. Apply an antiseptic (a liquid that kills germs) cream. Cover with a clean bandage or plaster to keep dirt out.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE home care.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the cut is deep, will not stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, or shows signs of infection.
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Nasal Congestion (Severe)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Steam & Saline Spray
Preparation & Use
Inhale steam for 5-10 minutes. Use a saline nasal spray (salt water spray) to clear the blockage. Sleep with your head slightly raised.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE relief.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the blockage lasts for more than 10 days or is only on one side.
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Nasal Fracture (Broken Nose)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Ice & Upright Posture
Preparation & Use
Sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from draining into the throat. Apply an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the nose for 15 minutes to reduce swelling. Do not try to straighten the nose.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Do not blow the nose, as this can worsen swelling or cause air to enter the tissues.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the nose looks visibly deformed, breathing is difficult, or bleeding does not stop.
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Needle Stick InjuryFirst Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Wash & Seek Immediate Care
Preparation & Use
Immediately wash the area with soap and water. Do not squeeze or scrub the wound. Cover with a clean bandage. Report the incident to a supervisor or seek medical care immediately.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Risk of bloodborne infections like HIV or Hepatitis.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: For post-exposure prophylaxis (preventive treatment) and blood testing.
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Nosebleed (Child)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Calm Pressure & Lean Forward
Preparation & Use
Keep the child calm and seated. Have them lean slightly forward. Pinch the soft part of the nose firmly for 10 minutes. Encourage mouth breathing. Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Do not let the child lie down or tilt their head back.
When to Seek Medical Help
If bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes, or if the child feels dizzy or weak.
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Nosebleed (Posterior)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Pinch & Lean Forward
Preparation & Use
Sit upright and lean slightly forward. Pinch the soft part of the nose firmly for 10 to 15 minutes without letting go. Breathe through the mouth.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Posterior nosebleeds can be heavy and often require medical packing.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: If bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes of direct pressure, or if blood flows heavily down the throat.
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Nosebleed (Severe)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Pinch & Lean Forward
Preparation & Use
Have the person sit up and lean slightly forward (not backward). Pinch the soft part of the nose firmly against the face for 10 to 15 minutes without letting go. Breathe through the mouth. Apply an ice pack to the bridge of the nose.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Leaning back causes blood to go into the stomach, causing vomiting.
When to Seek Medical Help
If bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes of direct pressure, or follows a head injury.
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Object Impaled in BodyFirst Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Stabilize & Do Not Remove
Preparation & Use
Do NOT pull the object out, as it may be plugging a severed blood vessel. Place bulky dressings or clean cloths around the object to hold it in place. Bandage securely without putting pressure on the object itself.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Removing the object can cause fatal bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call an ambulance and keep the person completely still.
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Object in Throat (Partial Blockage)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Encourage Coughing
Preparation & Use
Encourage the person to keep coughing forcefully to clear the object. Do not slap them on the back if they can still cough and breathe, as this might push the object deeper.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Monitor closely. If they cannot cough, speak, or breathe, begin the Heimlich maneuver.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: If the person becomes unable to breathe, speak, or cough.
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Opioid OverdoseFirst Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Naloxone & Emergency Call
Preparation & Use
Call emergency services immediately. If available, administer Naloxone (a medication that rapidly reverses opioid overdose) via nasal spray or injection. Perform rescue breathing or CPR if the person is not breathing.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Opioid overdose can stop breathing within minutes.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Always call an ambulance, even if Naloxone revives the person, as the effects can wear off.
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Overdose (Medication/Drug)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Call Poison Control & Monitor
Preparation & Use
Call emergency services or a poison control center. Keep the person awake and sitting up if possible. Gather all pill bottles or packets nearby to show the paramedics. Do not force them to vomit unless instructed by a professional.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Overdoses can stop breathing or damage the liver and heart.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call an ambulance, especially if they are drowsy, confused, or breathing slowly.
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Overheating (Mild)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Cool Down & Hydrate
Preparation & Use
Move to a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned place. Have them lie down and elevate their legs slightly. Give them cool water or ORS to sip. Loosen tight clothing.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Can quickly turn into life-threatening Heat Stroke.
When to Seek Medical Help
If symptoms worsen, vomiting occurs, or the person stops sweating and becomes confused.
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Panic Attack (Severe)First Aid & Emergency · Mental Health
First Aid Approach
Grounding & Breathing
Preparation & Use
Move the person to a quiet place. Speak in a calm, reassuring voice. Guide them to breathe in slowly for 4 seconds, hold for 4, and exhale for 6 seconds. Ask them to name 5 things they can see to ground them (bring their focus back to the present reality).
Safety & Precautions
SAFE support. CAUTION: Ensure it is not a heart attack (which has similar symptoms).
When to Seek Medical Help
If chest pain radiates (spreads) to the arm or jaw, or if they have a history of heart disease.
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Poisoning (Swallowed)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Identify & Call Help
Preparation & Use
Find out what they swallowed and how much. Call emergency services or poison control immediately. Do NOT induce (cause) vomiting or give them milk/water unless a medical professional tells you to, as some chemicals burn more on the way back up.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Wrong first aid can cause severe internal burns.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call for medical help and keep the container of the poison handy.
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Poison Ivy Exposure (Skin)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Wash & Soothe
Preparation & Use
Wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and cool water as soon as possible to remove the plant oil. Wash all clothing and tools that touched the plant. Apply calamine lotion to relieve itching.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE home care. CAUTION: The rash itself is not contagious, but the plant oil on clothes can spread it.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the rash is on the face or genitals, covers a large area, or shows signs of infection.
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Poison Ivy RashFirst Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Wash & Soothe
Preparation & Use
Wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and cool water as soon as possible to remove the plant oil (urushiol). Wash all clothing and tools that touched the plant. Apply calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream to relieve itching.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE home care. CAUTION: The rash itself is not contagious, but the plant oil on clothes can spread it.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the rash is on the face or genitals, covers a large area, or shows signs of infection (pus, increasing redness).
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