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Spinal Cord InjuryA–Z Health · Neurological / EmergencyUrgent information
Recommended Care
Immobilize & Emergency Care
Preparation & Use
Do not move patient. Call 108. Keep neck/back straight. Needs hospital surgery/rehab.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Movement can cause permanent paralysis.
When to See Doctor
IMMEDIATELY: After any fall/accident with back pain/numbness.
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Spinal MeningitisA–Z Health · Infectious Disease / EmergencyUrgent information
Recommended Care
Immediate IV Antibiotics
Preparation & Use
Go to ER immediately. Needs urgent IV antibiotics and steroids. Do not wait.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Life-threatening.
When to See Doctor
IMMEDIATELY: Fever, stiff neck, severe headache, light sensitivity.
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Spitting Up vs. VomitingWellness, Mother & Child · WMCUrgent information
Care Approach
Observe the Force and Baby's Comfort
Guidance & Use
Spitting up (gastroesophageal reflux) is a gentle, effortless flow of milk from the mouth, common in "happy spitters." Vomiting is forceful (projectile), involves abdominal muscle contractions, and usually causes the baby distress. Keep the baby upright after feeds to reduce spitting up.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE observation. Spitting up is normal as long as the baby is gaining weight and is not in pain.
When to Seek Medical Advice
IMMEDIATELY: If the baby has projectile vomiting, vomit that is green or contains blood, or shows signs of dehydration.
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SplenomegalyA–Z Health · Blood / Digestive
Recommended Care
Treat Underlying Cause
Preparation & Use
Avoid contact sports (risk of rupture). Treat infection/liver disease causing it.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Enlarged spleen can rupture easily.
When to See Doctor
Pain in left upper abdomen, feeling full quickly, or fatigue.
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Splinter (Under Nail)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Soak & Professional Removal
Preparation & Use
Soak the finger in warm, soapy water for 10 minutes to soften the skin. If the splinter is visible and sticking out, gently pull it with sterilized tweezers. Do not dig under the nail.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Digging under the nail can cause severe pain and infection.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the splinter is deep under the nail, painful, or shows signs of infection (redness, pus).
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Splinter (Wood)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Clean & Tweezers
Preparation & Use
Wash the area with soap and water. Sterilize (make free of germs) a pair of tweezers with rubbing alcohol. Gently pull the splinter out in the same direction it went in. Wash again and apply an antibiotic ointment.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE home care. CAUTION: Do not dig deeply into the flesh.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the splinter is deep, under the nail, near the eye, or if the area becomes red and swollen later.
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Splinters (Deep)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
Clean & Tweezers
Preparation & Use
Wash the area with soap and water. Sterilize (make free of germs) a pair of tweezers with rubbing alcohol. Gently pull the splinter out in the same direction it went in. Wash again and apply an antibiotic ointment.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE home care. CAUTION: Do not dig deeply into the flesh.
When to Seek Medical Help
If the splinter is deep, under the nail, near the eye, or if the area becomes red and swollen later.
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Sports HerniaA–Z Health · Musculoskeletal Health
Recommended Care
Rest & Physiotherapy
Preparation & Use
Stop sport activity. Do core strengthening exercises. Anti-inflammatory meds if needed.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE conservative care.
When to See Doctor
Persistent groin pain affecting performance.
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SprainA–Z Health · First Aid / Musculoskeletal
Recommended Care
R.I.C.E. Method
Preparation & Use
Rest. Ice for 15 mins. Compress with bandage. Elevate limb.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid.
When to See Doctor
Cannot bear weight, severe swelling, or deformity.
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Sprain (Joint)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
R.I.C.E. Method
Preparation & Use
Rest the injured joint. Apply Ice wrapped in a cloth for 15-20 minutes. Compress with an elastic bandage (not too tight). Elevate the limb above the heart to reduce swelling.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Do not apply heat in the first 48 hours.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you cannot bear any weight on the joint, or if it looks deformed (suspected fracture).
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Sprain (Wrist)First Aid & Emergency · First Aid
First Aid Approach
R.I.C.E. Method
Preparation & Use
Rest the wrist. Apply Ice wrapped in a cloth for 15-20 minutes. Compress with an elastic bandage (not too tight). Elevate the hand above the heart to reduce swelling.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE first aid. CAUTION: Do not apply heat in the first 48 hours.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you cannot move the wrist, or if there is severe pain and swelling (suspected fracture).
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Sputum Culture and SensitivityDiagnostics & Lab Reports · Microbiology
Test Purpose & Procedure
Culture (growing bacteria in a lab) and Sensitivity (testing which antibiotics will kill the bacteria) are performed on a sputum (thick mucus coughed up from the lower airways) sample. Rinse your mouth with water before coughing deeply to provide a clean sample.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE non-invasive test.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If bacteria grow in the culture, consult your doctor to get the correct antibiotic prescription for respiratory infections like pneumonia or bronchitis.
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Sputum for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB)Diagnostics & Lab Reports · MicrobiologyUrgent information
Test Purpose & Procedure
Examines sputum under a microscope or cultures it to detect AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli, the specific type of bacteria that cause tuberculosis). Early morning samples collected on three consecutive days are often required for the highest accuracy.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE non-invasive test. CAUTION: Wear a mask when providing the sample to prevent spreading potential infection.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If the test is positive, consult a pulmonologist or infectious disease specialist immediately to begin tuberculosis (TB) treatment.
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Squint (Strabismus)A–Z Health · Eye Health
Recommended Care
Glasses & Patching
Preparation & Use
Wear prescribed glasses. Patch strong eye to strengthen weak one. Surgery if severe.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Early treatment in children is crucial.
When to See Doctor
Visible eye misalignment or double vision.
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Stab Wound (Abdomen)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Do Not Remove & Control Bleeding
Preparation & Use
Do NOT remove the object if it is still in the wound. Apply firm pressure around the object (not directly on it) with clean cloths to control bleeding. Keep the person lying flat with knees bent.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: High risk of severe internal organ damage and bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call an ambulance and keep the person completely still.
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Stab Wound (Chest)First Aid & Emergency · FA/EUrgent information
First Aid Approach
Seal & Monitor Breathing
Preparation & Use
If the wound is 'sucking' air (making a hissing sound), cover it with a plastic wrapper or sterile dressing taped on three sides (leaving one side open to let air escape). Do not remove any embedded object. Keep the person sitting up or leaning toward the injured side.
Safety & Precautions
EMERGENCY: Can cause a collapsed lung (pneumothorax).
When to Seek Medical Help
IMMEDIATELY: Call an ambulance immediately.
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StammeringA–Z Health · Speech / Mental Wellness
Recommended Care
Speech Therapy & Patience
Preparation & Use
Practice slow breathing. Speak slowly. Join support groups. Do not rush the speaker.
Safety & Precautions
SAFE support. CAUTION: Needs professional speech therapist.
When to See Doctor
If it causes distress or affects communication significantly.
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STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)A–Z Health · Infectious Disease / Men’s/Women’s Health
Recommended Care
Safe Sex & Medical Treatment
Preparation & Use
Use condoms. Get tested regularly. Take prescribed antibiotics/antivirals. Inform partners.
Safety & Precautions
CAUTION: Many are curable; HIV is manageable.
When to See Doctor
Unusual discharge, sores, or pain in genital area.
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